Certainty levels
For those events with “speculation” attributes, Certainty levels can be determined according to the Speculation cues. However, in some cases, it is difficult to determine the certainty levels, so that those events do not have any certainty levels. The following table indicates Speculation cues and corresponding certainty levels (Confirmed, Probable, Unlikely):
| Speculation cues | Certainty | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| 31P NMR analyses | Confirmed | “Probable” combined with “suggest” |
| Analysis of this structure | Confirmed | “Probable” combined with “suggest” |
| EPR studies | Confirmed | - |
| Solvent isotope effect studies | Confirmed | - |
| Steady-state kinetic analysis | Confirmed | - |
| Structural analyses | Confirmed | - |
| Structural analysis | Confirmed | - |
| Structural studies | Confirmed | - |
| Support for | Confirmed | - |
| These findings emphasize | Confirmed | - |
| These results clearly indicate | Confirmed | - |
| agree well with | Confirmed | - |
| Analysis | Confirmed | - |
| analysis of crystal and molecular structures | Confirmed | - |
| appropriately | Confirmed | - |
| can be concluded | Confirmed | - |
| clearly | Confirmed | - |
| clearly demonstrate importance | Confirmed | - |
| conclude | Confirmed | - |
| concluded | Confirmed | - |
| confirm | Confirmed | - |
| confirmed | Confirmed | - |
| consistent with | Confirmed | - |
| corroborates observation | Confirmed | - |
| crystallographic study | Confirmed | - |
| define | Confirmed | - |
| defined in structure | Confirmed | - |
| demonstrably | Confirmed | - |
| demonstrate | Confirmed | - |
| demonstrated | Confirmed | - |
| demonstrates | Confirmed | - |
| demonstrating | Confirmed | - |
| describe | Confirmed | - |
| enable us to identify | Confirmed | - |
| ensures | Confirmed | - |
| established | Confirmed | - |
| establishes presence of | Confirmed | - |
| evidence | Confirmed | - |
| exhibit | Confirmed | - |
| exhibits | Confirmed | - |
| first detailed biochemical study that probes | Confirmed | - |
| following conclusions | Confirmed | - |
| found | Confirmed | - |
| further evidenced by observation | Confirmed | - |
| generally agreed well with | Confirmed | - |
| have previously shown | Confirmed | - |
| ideally located for | Confirmed | - |
| identification | Confirmed | - |
| identified | Confirmed | - |
| identify | Confirmed | - |
| in agreement with | Confirmed | - |
| in agreement with experimental mutagenesis results | Confirmed | - |
| in support of | Confirmed | - |
| indicate | Confirmed | - |
| indicates | Confirmed | - |
| indicating | Confirmed | - |
| kinetic analyses | Confirmed | “Probable” combined with “suggest” |
| kinetic studies | Confirmed | - |
| known | Confirmed | - |
| leading to conclusion | Confirmed | - |
| manifests | Confirmed | - |
| measured | Confirmed | - |
| model concurs with recent observations | Confirmed | - |
| more likely | Confirmed | - |
| most consistent with | Confirmed | - |
| must | Confirmed | - |
| must be | Confirmed | - |
| mutational analysis | Confirmed | - |
| observed | Confirmed | - |
| observing | Confirmed | - |
| offers direct evidence | Confirmed | - |
| pH-dependent rate analysis | Confirmed | - |
| pinpoint | Confirmed | - |
| placed perfectly for | Confirmed | - |
| poised | Confirmed | - |
| positioned | Confirmed | - |
| positioned appropriately | Confirmed | - |
| positioned approximately for | Confirmed | - |
| present study | Confirmed | - |
| presenting | Confirmed | - |
| previously been shown | Confirmed | - |
| previously known | Confirmed | - |
| previously reported | Confirmed | - |
| proton NMR studies | Confirmed | - |
| provided important information | Confirmed | - |
| proving | Confirmed | - |
| recent identification | Confirmed | - |
| reflecting | Confirmed | - |
| report | Confirmed | - |
| reported | Confirmed | - |
| results support | Confirmed | - |
| reveal | Confirmed | - |
| reveal structural basis | Confirmed | - |
| revealing | Confirmed | - |
| reveals | Confirmed | - |
| should | Confirmed | - |
| show | Confirmed | - |
| showed | Confirmed | - |
| showing evidence | Confirmed | - |
| shown | Confirmed | - |
| shows | Confirmed | - |
| site-directed mutagenesis | Confirmed | - |
| solved | Confirmed | - |
| steady-state rate analysis | Confirmed | - |
| structural basis | Confirmed | - |
| structural studies | Confirmed | - |
| study | Confirmed | - |
| suggested previously | Confirmed | - |
| suggests counterintuitive conclusion | Confirmed | - |
| suitable for | Confirmed | - |
| support | Confirmed | - |
| supports | Confirmed | - |
| supports suggestion | Confirmed | - |
| underscore | Confirmed | - |
| underscored importance | Confirmed | - |
| unified view | Confirmed | - |
| well positioned | Confirmed | - |
| widely-studied | Confirmed | - |
| Implications | Probable | - |
| Insights into | Probable | - |
| MD simulation | Probable | - |
| Modeling | Probable | - |
| Modelling of suggests | Probable | - |
| Modelling suggests | Probable | - |
| Modelling to superpose | Probable | - |
| Models | Probable | - |
| Molecular dynamics simulations | Probable | - |
| Molecular mechanics calculations show | Probable | - |
| Molecular modeling suggests | Probable | - |
| These results favor | Probable | - |
| This model features | Probable | - |
| account at least in part for | Probable | - |
| allows | Probable | - |
| apparent | Probable | - |
| appear to | Probable | - |
| appear to involve | Probable | - |
| appears | Probable | - |
| appears likely | Probable | - |
| appears reasonably favourable | Probable | - |
| appears to | Probable | - |
| appears to be | Probable | - |
| appropriate position for | Probable | - |
| attractive and precedented | Probable | - |
| avoids some serious difficulties | Probable | - |
| believe | Probable | - |
| can | Probable | - |
| can be described | Probable | - |
| can be interpreted | Probable | - |
| can be rationalized | Probable | - |
| can now propose | Probable | - |
| can probably be | Probable | - |
| cannot | Probable | -Also negation cue |
| considered | Probable | - |
| consistent with hypothesis | Probable | - |
| construction observed structure readily allows | Probable | - |
| could | Probable | - |
| could be | Probable | - |
| deserves further exploration | Probable | - |
| equally plausible | Probable | - |
| expected | Probable | - |
| expected to | Probable | - |
| explains | Probable | - |
| explains why | Probable | - |
| for example | Probable | - |
| gain insights into | Probable | - |
| gas-phase calculations | Probable | - |
| give information on | Probable | - |
| highlight importance | Probable | - |
| hypothesize | Probable | - |
| ideally situated for | Probable | - |
| illustrating | Probable | - |
| implicated | Probable | - |
| implicates | Probable | - |
| implication of this work | Probable | - |
| implications | Probable | - |
| imply | Probable | - |
| implying | Probable | - |
| inhibitor binding studies | Probable | - |
| insights from molecular dynamics simulations | Probable | - |
| insights into | Probable | - |
| interpreted | Probable | - |
| likely | Probable | - |
| likely reason | Probable | - |
| likely to be | Probable | - |
| made considerable strides | Probable | - |
| may | Probable | - |
| may also suggest | Probable | - |
| may be | Probable | - |
| may be attributed | Probable | - |
| may be important | Probable | - |
| may explain | Probable | - |
| might | Probable | - |
| might anticipate | Probable | - |
| mimics | Probable | - |
| model | Probable | - |
| model building calculations | Probable | - |
| modelled | Probable | - |
| molecular dynamics simulation | Probable | - |
| molecular modeling suggest | Probable | - |
| most likely | Probable | - |
| most likely combination | Probable | - |
| offers possibility | Probable | - |
| our understanding | Probable | - |
| perhaps | Probable | - |
| polarizable continuum model | Probable | - |
| possible | Probable | - |
| postulated | Probable | - |
| potential | Probable | - |
| predict | Probable | - |
| predicted | Probable | - |
| predicted sequence | Probable | - |
| predicts | Probable | - |
| presumably | Probable | - |
| presumed | Probable | - |
| previously proposed | Probable | - |
| probably | Probable | - |
| promising | Probable | - |
| proposal explains | Probable | - |
| proposals | Probable | - |
| propose | Probable | - |
| propose model | Probable | - |
| proposed | Probable | - |
| provide basis for model | Probable | - |
| provide details that support and extend | Probable | - |
| provide insights into | Probable | - |
| provided structural models | Probable | - |
| provides | Probable | - |
| provides basis for understanding | Probable | - |
| provides new insights | Probable | - |
| providing rationale | Probable | - |
| providing unprecedented insights into | Probable | - |
| putative | Probable | - |
| quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations | Probable | - |
| rather | Probable | - |
| required | Probable | - |
| revealed | Probable | - |
| seems | Probable | - |
| strongly suggested | Probable | - |
| studied | Probable | - |
| suggest | Probable | - |
| suggested | Probable | - |
| suggested to resemble | Probable | - |
| suggesting | Probable | - |
| suggesting possibility | Probable | - |
| suggestive of | Probable | - |
| suggests | Probable | - |
| support model | Probable | - |
| support proposals | Probable | - |
| tested | Probable | - |
| thought | Probable | - |
| understand | Probable | - |
| would predict | Probable | - |
| would provide | Probable | - |
| favored over | Probable/Unlikely | “probable” before cue and “unlikely” after cue |
| arguing against | Unlikely | - |
| less | Unlikely | - |
| low residual | Unlikely | - |
| lower propensity | Unlikely | - |
| seems unlikely | Unlikely | - |
| showed much lower | Unlikely | - |